Vulcanizing and Tackyfying Agent

VULTAC ®

Vul = Vulcanization, Tac = Tackyfier



Alkyl Phenol Disulfides

CHARACTERISTICS

- The VULTAC® are a range of Alkyl Phenol Disulfides used as nitrosamine free sulfur
donors in industrial rubber and tire applications.

- VULTAC ® vulcanization agents help enhancing rubber product performance by improving aging properties and assisting co-vulcanization of blends.

(ex. : Apolar elastomers/Halogen elastomers).

- The VULTAC ® structure give a high solubility in a variety of rubbers.

APPLICATIONS

A. RUBBERS
-
Tyres

:

VULTAC
®
work well
in
systems where
the
base
rubber
contains Halobutyl
. In a SBR base,
VULTAC
®
give enough tack
.
-
-
Industrial
rubber
:

VULTAC®
can be used
in a NBR
and
EPM bases as a
sulfur donor when
the
vulcanization
system must
be nitrosamine
-
free.
-
-
Pharmaceuticals:due to its low toxicity (LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg), VULTAC® are used in care items

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Vulcanizing and Tackyfying Agent

VULTAC ®

Vul = Vulcanization, Tac = Tackyfier



Alkyl Phenol Disulfides

CHARACTERISTICS

- The VULTAC® are a range of Alkyl Phenol Disulfides used as nitrosamine free sulfur
donors in industrial rubber and tire applications.

- VULTAC ® vulcanization agents help enhancing rubber product performance by improving aging properties and assisting co-vulcanization of blends.

(ex. : Apolar elastomers/Halogen elastomers).

- The VULTAC ® structure give a high solubility in a variety of rubbers.

APPLICATIONS

A. RUBBERS
-
Tyres

:

VULTAC
®
work well
in
systems where
the
base
rubber
contains Halobutyl
. In a SBR base,
VULTAC
®
give enough tack
.
-
-
Industrial
rubber
:

VULTAC®
can be used
in a NBR
and
EPM bases as a
sulfur donor when
the
vulcanization
system must
be nitrosamine
-
free.
-
-
Pharmaceuticals:due to its low toxicity (LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg), VULTAC® are used in care items





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DIACETONE ALCOHOL

Diacetone alcohol is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2. This liquid is common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.

Diacetone alcohol has slow evaporation rates. It is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances. It is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings. It is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes. Diacetone alcohol is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics. Diacetone alcohol, having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate. Read More..

ISOPHORONE

WHAT IS ISOPHORONE ?

Isophorone is an α,β-Unsaturated cyclic ketone, a colorless to yellowish liquid with characteristic smell, that is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Isophorone also occurs naturally in cranberries.

Isophorone is used as a solvent in some printing inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, copolymers, coatings, finishings and pesticides.[2] It is also used as a chemical intermediate and as an ingredient in wood preservatives and floor sealants.

For any requirement please feel free to contact.

Thank you & Succes for you all,

Michael S. Thang
+622168068293, +628164850242 Read More..

TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL/ TEG

TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL/ TEG

TEG is a colorless liquid with a slight, sweet odor. Its properties closely resemble those of diethylene glycol. In many instances, the applications for diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol overlap. Because TEG has a higher boiling point, it may be used in preferene to diethylene glycol when a less volatile compound is required.

Because it has two ether and two hydroxyl groups, TEG is a good solvent for nitrocellulose as well as for various gums and resins. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents. TEG is a solvent used in the formulation of steam-set printing inks.

TEG is an efficient hygroscopic agent. This property makes it useful as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas, thus preventing the formation of hydrates in long distance transmission lines. TEG is also used as the desiccant in small packaged plants located at the gas well head in order to eliminate the need of line heaters in field gathering systems.

In air-conditioning systmes designed for dehumidifying air, TEG allows for the removal of water vapor without cooling the air. This offers advantages particularly in commercial installations where comfort cooling is not required. When vaporized under proper conditions in specially designed vaporizing devices for air sanitation, the air-treatment grade of TEG aids in the control of bacteria and virus content of air.

In the tobacco industry, it is standard practice to treat the tovacco with humectants such as triethylene of propylen glycols so that the tobacco reaches the consumer in proper condition. TEG is also used in the plasticization of composition cork and serves as a solvent for resin impregnants and other additives.

TEG gives increased pliability to various plastics, particularly celllulose derivatives. It aids in the retention of flexibility, even in dry atmospheres. Esther derivatives of TEG are important plasticizers for polyvinyl butyral resins, nitrocellulose lacquers, vinyl and polyvinyl chloride resins, and poly vinyl acetate. Other ester derivatives are plasticizers for synthetic rubber compounds or for cellulose esters.

TEG is used in the manufacture of alkyd type resins useful as laminating agents and in adhesives. Polyesters derived from TEG are useful in various applications-some as plasticizers and others as low pressure laminates for glasss fibers, asbestos, cloth or paper.

Besides being useful as plasticizers, the fatty acid derivatives of TEG are used as emulsifiers, demulsifiers and lubricants.

Mixtures of TEG and water exhibit selective solvent properties for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures containing paraffinic hydrocarbons. Like diglycol, TEG is used commercially to recover high purity aromatic fractions from mixtures of light oil fractions.

Special inhibited grades of TEG are available for use as heat transfer fluids, particularly in high temperature applications.

A special high purity grade of TEG is available for use in cellophane and paper that may come in contact with food.

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MOLECULAR SIEVE

A molecular sieve is a material containing tiny pores of a precise and uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids.

Molecules small enough to pass through the pores are adsorbed while larger molecules are not. It is different from a common filter in that it operates on a molecular level. For instance, a water molecule may not be small enough to pass through while the smaller molecules in the gas pass through. Because of this, they often function as a desiccant. A molecular sieve can adsorb water up to 22% of its own weight.[1]

Often they consist of aluminosilicate minerals, clays, porous glasses, microporous charcoals, zeolites, active carbons, or synthetic compounds that have open structures through which small molecules, such as nitrogen and water can diffuse.

Molecular sieves are often utilized in the petroleum industry, especially for the purification of gas streams and in the chemistry laboratory for separating compounds and drying reaction starting materials. The mercury content of natural gas is extremely harmful to the aluminum piping and other parts of the liquefaction apparatus - silica gel is used in this case.

Methods for regeneration of molecular sieves include pressure change (as in oxygen concentrators), heating and purging with a carrier gas (as when used in ethanol dehydration), or heating under high vacuum.
Contents

Types of Molecular Sieve :
* 3A (pore size 3 Å): Adsorbs NH3, H2O, (not C2H6), good for drying polar liquids.

* 4A (pore size 4 Å): Adsorbs H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, EtOH. Will not adsorb C3H8 and higher hydrocarbons. Good for drying nonpolar liquids and gases.

* 5A (pore size 5 Å): Adsorbs normal (linear) hydrocarbons to n-C4H10, alcohols to C4H9OH, mercaptans to C4H9SH. Will not adsorb isocompounds or rings greater than C4.

* 10X (pore size 8 Å): Adsorbs branched hydrocarbons and aromatics. Useful for drying gases.

* 13X (pore size 10 Å): Adsorbs di-n-butylamine (not tri-n-butylamine). Useful for drying HMPA.
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SILICA GEL

Silica gel is a granular, vitreous, highly porous form of silica made synthetically from sodium silicate. Despite its name, silica gel is a solid.

Silica gel is most commonly encountered in everyday life as beads packed in a semi-permeable plastic. In this form, it is used as a desiccant to control local humidity in order to avoid spoilage or degradation of some goods. Because of poisonous dopants (see below) and their very high adsorption of moisture, silica gel packets usually bear warnings for the user not to eat the contents. If consumed, the pure silica gel is unlikely to cause acute or chronic illness, but would be problematic nonetheless. However, some packaged desiccants may include fungicide and/or pesticide poisons. Food-grade desiccant should not include any poisons which would cause long-term harm to humans if consumed in the quantities normally included with the items of food. A chemically similar substance with far greater porosity is aerogel.

Contents
1 History
2 Properties
3 Preparation
4 Applications
4.1 Desiccant
4.2 Chemistry
4.3 Cat litter
5 Hazards
6 References
7 External links



History
The synthetic route for producing silica gel was patented by chemistry professor Walter A. Patrick at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland in 1919. It was used in World War I for the absorption of vapors and gases in gas mask canisters, as part of his patent. The substance was in existence as early as the 1640s as a scientific curiosity.[1]

In World War II, silica gel was indispensable in the war effort for keeping penicillin dry, protecting military equipment from moisture damage, as a fluid cracking catalyst for the production of high octane gasoline, and as a catalyst support for the manufacture of butadiene from ethanol, feedstock for the synthetic rubber program.


Properties
Silica gel's high surface area (around 800 m²/g) allows it to absorb water readily, making it useful as a desiccant (drying agent). Once saturated with water, the gel can be regenerated by heating it to 120 °C (250 °F) for two hours. Some types of silica gel will "pop" when exposed to enough water.


Preparation
A solution of sodium silicate is acidified to produce a gelatinous precipitate that is washed, then dehydrated to produce colorless silica gel.[2] When a visible indication of the moisture content of the silica gel is required, ammonium tetrachlorocobaltate(II) (NH4)2CoCl4 or cobalt chloride CoCl2 is added.[2] This will cause the gel to be blue when dry and pink when hydrated.[2]


Applications

Desiccant
In many items from leather to pepperoni, moisture encourages the growth of mold and spoilage. Condensation may also damage other items like electronics and may speed the decomposition of chemicals, such as those in vitamin pills. By adding packets of silica gel, these items can be preserved longer.

Silica gel may also be used to keep the relative humidity inside a high frequency radio or satellite transmission system waveguide as low as possible. Excessive moisture buildup within a waveguide can cause arcing inside the waveguide itself, damaging the power amplifier feeding it. Also, the beads of water that form and condense inside the waveguide change the characteristic impedance and frequency, impeding the signal. It is common for a small compressed air system (similar to a small home aquarium pump) to be employed to circulate the air inside the waveguide over a jar of silica gel.

Silica gel is also used to dry the air in industrial compressed air systems. Air from the compressor discharge flows through a bed of silica gel beads. The silica gel adsorbs moisture from the air, preventing damage at the point of use of the compressed air due to condensation or moisture. The same system is used to dry the compressed air on railway locomotives, where condensation and ice in the brake air pipes can lead to brake failure.

Silica gel is sometimes used as a preservation tool to control relative humidity in museum and library exhibitions and storage.


Chemistry

Chromatography column In chemistry, silica gel is used in chromatography as a stationary phase. In column chromatography the stationary phase is most often composed of silica gel particles of 40-63 μm. Different particle sizes are used for achieving a desired separation of certain molecular sizes. In this application, due to silica gel's polarity, non-polar components tend to elute before more polar ones, hence the name normal phase chromatography. However, when hydrophobic groups (such as C18 groups) are attached to the silica gel then polar components elute first and the method is referred to as reverse phase chromatography. Silica gel is also applied to aluminum, glass, or plastic sheets for thin layer chromatography.

Chelating groups have also been covalently bound to silica gel. These materials have the ability to remove metal ions selectively from aqueous media. Chelating groups can be covalently bound to polyamines that have been grafted onto a silica gel surface producing a material of greater mechanical integrity. Silica gel is also combined with alkali metals to form a M-SG reducing agent.

Silica gel is not thought to biodegrade in either water or soil [3].


Cat litter
Silica gel is also used as cat litter[4], by itself or in combination with more traditional materials, such as clays including bentonite. It is trackless and virtually odorless, albeit expensive. Silica in this form can be a cost effective way for private people to easily purchase silica gel for application in such things as keeping tools rust free in damp environments, long term storage, and preservation of dried food for long term storage.


Hazards
Silica gel is non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-reactive and stable with ordinary usage. It will react with hydrogen fluoride, fluorine, oxygen difluoride, chlorine trifluoride, strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers[5]. Silica gel is irritating to the respiratory tract, may cause irritation of the digestive tract, and dust from the beads may cause irritation to the skin and eyes, so precautions should be taken [6]. Some of the beads may be doped with a moisture indicator, such as cobalt(II) chloride, which is toxic and may be carcinogenic. Cobalt (II) chloride is deep blue when dry (anhydrous) and pink when moist (hydrated).

Crystalline silica dust can cause silicosis but synthetic amorphous silica gel is non-friable, and so does not cause silicosis.


References
^ Maryann Feldman and Pierre Desrochers (March 2003). "Research Universities and Local Economic Development: Lessons from the History of the Johns Hopkins University". Industry and Innovation 10 (1, 5–24). http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/feldman/papers/Research%20Universities%20and%20Local%20Economic%20Development.pdf.
^ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
^ Environmental Health and Safety (2007-09-10). ""Silica Gel"". http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/S1610.htm. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
^ Andrew Kantor (2004-12-10). ""Non-Tech High Tech Litters the Landscape"". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/andrewkantor/2004-12-10-kantor_x.htm. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
^ Environmental Health and Safety (2007-09-10). ""Silica Gel"". http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/S1610.htm. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
^ Fisher Scientific (1997-02-09). ""Silica Gel Dessicant"". http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~russ/MSDS/silicagel28200.html. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.

Source from wikipidia.

MST
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