CALCIUM PROPIONATE

CALCIUM PROPIONATE

As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius. Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.[2] In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement [3] Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.[4]

Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% [5] (though animal feed may contain up to 1%). Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.[6]

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem,[citation needed] but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.[citation needed] Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both Bacillus mesentericus rope and mold.[citation needed]

A small study in children (n=27) found statistically significant "[i]rritability, restlessness, inattention and sleep disturbance in some children" on challenge with calcium propionate preserved food, but noted lack of significance of assessment scores due to placebo response from four subjects. [7]

Metabolic products of propionate enter fatty acid metabolisms as propionyl-CoA, which cannot be completely processed along the main pathway because it has an odd number of carbons. This species and its conversion product methylcitrate inhibit tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and also contribute to oxidative stress. Intraventricular infusion of propionic acid into rat brains caused oxidative stress and produced reversible behavior (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) changes reminiscent of autism.[8]

According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic.[9] This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic. [10] Calcium propionate can be used as a pesticide.[11]
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